During a panic attack, which action best helps reduce symptoms?

• A. Breathe into a paper bag.
• B. Assist her ventilation.
• C. Coach her to slow her breathing.
• D. Administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask.

Answer: (C)

When a panic attack triggers rapid, shallow breathing, the body’s fight-or-flight response fuels symptoms like dizziness, tingling, and chest tightness. Slowing and stabilizing the breathing reduces this sympathetic surge and helps restore CO2 balance, which often relieves many uncomfortable sensations.

Coaching her to breathe slowly uses diaphragmatic, paced breathing—inhale through the nose for a few seconds, then exhale more slowly for a longer count (for example, 4 in, 6–8 out). This controlled rhythm lowers respiratory rate, minimizes hyperventilation-driven symptoms, and can reduce heart rate and overall anxiety.

Oxygen therapy or assisting ventilation isn’t routinely needed in a panic attack unless there’s actual hypoxemia or an inability to ventilate, and using a non-rebreather mask or bagging can be inappropriate or even harmful in this context. Breathing into a paper bag is not recommended due to potential risks.

So, guiding the patient through slow, controlled breathing is the most effective immediate intervention to lessen panic attack symptoms.