In a patient with suspected meningitis who is unresponsive and photophobic, which symptom is most characteristic of meningitis?

• A. photophobia.
• B. fever.
• C. headache.
• D. confusion.

Answer: (A)

Photophobia is a hallmark sign of meningitis because the inflammation of the meninges irritates the nerves that can make bright light painful or uncomfortable. This light sensitivity tends to be more specific to meningitis than other common symptoms like fever or headache, which occur with many illnesses. Fever is nonspecific, and headache is a common symptom in many conditions, while altered mental status can occur in various severe diseases. So, among these options, photophobia best points to meningitis. In a patient who is unresponsive, noticing light sensitivity still strongly supports meningitis as a likely cause.